Menstrual Cramps: Causes, Relief and When to See a Doctor

November 12, 2026

by admin

Menstrual cramps are throbbing or aching pains in the lower belly that start just before or during a period, caused by chemicals called prostaglandins that make the womb contract. Mild to moderate cramps are common and usually ease with heat, movement and simple pain relief, but severe pain should be checked.

QUICK ANSWERA heat pack, gentle exercise and, if suitable for you, an over-the-counter pain reliever taken as directed can ease cramps. See a doctor if the pain is severe, getting worse, stops you from doing normal activities, or comes with very heavy bleeding or fever.

1 – 2 days

Before a period is when cramps often begin

2 – 3 days

Is how long cramps usually last

Heat

A warm pack on the lower belly can help

Severe pain

Is not something to just put up with; see a doctor

Why Do Period Cramps Happen?

Before and during a period the lining of the womb releases prostaglandins, which cause the muscle to contract and shed the lining. Higher levels mean stronger contractions and more pain. This common type is called primary dysmenorrhoea and often eases with age or after childbirth.

When Cramps Have Another Cause

ENDOEndometriosisWomb-like tissue growing outside the womb, often causing severe pain.

FIBROIDSFibroidsNon-cancerous growths in the womb that can cause heavy, painful periods.

PIDPelvic infectionAn infection that can cause pain, fever and discharge.

ADENOAdenomyosisTissue growing into the womb wall.

Ways to Ease Period Pain

Apply a warm pack or take a warm bath
Do gentle exercise such as walking or stretching
Rest and get enough sleep; see how poor sleep affects your health
Drink fluids and eat regular, balanced meals
Ask your pharmacist about suitable pain relief

AVOID

Taking pain relievers on an empty stomach or beyond the label dose
Using anti-inflammatory pain relievers if you have asthma, stomach ulcers or kidney problems without advice
Smoking, which can worsen cramps
Ignoring pain that is getting worse each month

Anti-inflammatory pain relievers such as ibuprofen are commonly used. Read the label and ask your pharmacist whether they are right for you; see how to take medicines correctly. For wider healthy habits read natural ways to improve overall health.

Medical Treatments

If simple measures are not enough, a doctor may suggest hormonal options such as the contraceptive pill, other medicines, or tests such as an ultrasound to look for underlying conditions. Treatment depends on your age, health and plans, so it should be decided with your doctor.

SEE A DOCTOR IF

Pain is severe or stops you working, studying or sleeping
Periods are very heavy, with large clots, or last more than 7 days
You have fever, unusual discharge or pain outside your period
Cramps started after age 25 or are getting worse over time
You might be pregnant and have sudden one-sided pain

Looking for pain relief?

Browse our pain category. Please ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any medicine.

Pain relief

Frequently Asked Questions

Are period cramps normal?

Mild to moderate cramps are common, but pain that is severe or disrupts daily life is worth checking.

Does exercise help with cramps?

Yes. Regular activity can reduce period pain for many people.

Can cramps happen without a period?

Yes. Pelvic pain without a period can have other causes, such as pregnancy or infection, and should be assessed.