Acne: Causes, Myths and Skin Care Tips That Help
Acne happens when oil, dead skin cells and bacteria clog the pores, causing pimples, blackheads and sometimes painful bumps. It is very common, it is not caused by dirty skin, and most cases improve with a gentle, consistent routine and the right treatment.
What Causes Acne?
Acne starts in the hair follicles. The skin makes extra oil (sebum), dead skin cells block the pore, and bacteria that live on the skin multiply and cause redness and swelling. Hormonal changes during puberty, the menstrual cycle or pregnancy often play a role, and acne can also run in families.
Common Triggers
Acne Myths vs Facts
- Acne is caused by dirty skin
- Scrubbing hard clears pimples faster
- Squeezing spots helps them heal
- Over-washing and harsh scrubbing irritate skin
- Picking can cause scars and dark marks
- Treatments need weeks of regular use
Everyday Skin Care Tips
- Wash your face twice a day with a mild cleanser and lukewarm water
- Choose products labelled “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free”
- Use a light moisturiser, because dry skin can make irritation worse
- Apply sunscreen daily, as some acne treatments make skin more sun-sensitive
- Wash hair and pillowcases regularly, and remove make-up before bed
Stress and sleep can affect your skin; read how poor sleep affects your health.
Treatments That May Help
Many people start with over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid or adapalene. These can dry or irritate the skin, so start slowly and follow the label. For moderate to severe acne a doctor may prescribe a topical or oral treatment. Some acne medicines are not safe in pregnancy, so tell your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy. Do not start or stop prescription medicines without medical advice.
- Acne is deep, painful or leaves scars
- Over-the-counter treatment has not helped after 6 to 8 weeks
- Acne affects your mood or confidence
- You have sudden severe acne with other symptoms
Looking for acne care?
Browse our acne category. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any treatment.
Acne care productsFrequently Asked Questions
Can chocolate or oily food cause acne?
Evidence is mixed. Some people notice that high-sugar foods or dairy worsen acne, but diet is not the main cause for most people.
Should I pop my pimples?
No. Squeezing can push bacteria deeper, cause infection and increase the chance of scarring.
Does acne go away on its own?
Teenage acne often improves with age, but adult acne can persist, and treatment can help prevent scars.
More Reading
Sources: American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), acne overview and tips; NHS guidance on acne; Mayo Clinic patient information on acne.
